to dfrossar ... when I first read of your "overnight" fix, I thought to myself, "yeah, sure" -- since I've tried that one, along with virtually every other potential fix mentioned in these posts. Though, secretly, I hoped that it would work for you, such that I might try it one more time. (I also have 3GS)
I have tried everything short of completely wiping my phone or buying a new one. The only reason I haven't wiped my phone, is that I've read of two people who tried this, and the problem still remained. And what a mess it is to deal with that, unless it would actually work!
It is clearly a bug problem with Apple, perhaps not "fixed" because of the impending introduction of 6.0. And, heck, maybe the new upgrade will fix the problem. Or Apple is furiously working to make sure the bug does not remain in the 6.0 update -- in the meantime, not acknowledging the depth of this problem for PR reasons. Oh, it could be a bazillion things.
For me, very specifically, it does not allow me to access my network at home, because it will not respond to the CORRECT password when input. It sees all Wi-Fi options, but simply will not connect when a pw is required (I have tested this with other pw-required Wi-Fi's). If I go someplace with open Wi-Fi, requiring no pw, I get a connection. However, even in that instance, my connection disappears in several minutes if I let it sit idle. Then I have to seek out the connection manually.
I'm done with calling Apple. They won't admit there is a problem. And I refuse to go through the paces they would put me through all over again. This is, without question, the worst Apple experience I have had, and I've been a devoted Mac person since the late 80s. If one googles this issue, it's running at about 2.5 million hits currently. And a half million on Bing (tho I have no idea why the difference).