Just so you don't hold on to that sinking feeling for not taking out every possible precaution aside from just leaving your phone at home and not using it... after having your phone stolen or .. lost:
I paid the insurance to cover loss or damage for two year... (really dumb of me since the deductible is $200. USD: more than I can buy the exact phone online and more than I could have sold mine if I had sold it online; (iphone 4 -32g). So don't kick yourself for not having insurance if you didn't.
I had all apps turned on: PhotoStream (which would have had to be active on your phone in order to retrieve photos to your pc or your mac now that it is lost). However, it is only as good as the last internet connection you were on and only if your were on that connection long enough for the photos to upload to photo stream. I was able to cover photos from Beijing and not the remaining 3/4 of my trip's photos.
Any photo app you may have been using most likely has an online access. Did you download a photo app? Start there. Do you have an itunes account? You can see what apps you have downloaded from there. If you use a mac you can see the photos in photo stream, (a sunflower icon).
Even if you had registered and jumped through all the hoops keeping app and updates up to par and a security passcode in place on the phone itself, your i phone tracking is not going to work at all unless the user is able to connect to the internet. This is not going to happen unless they can access the internet by having your passcode. So this tracking system, insurance and protection code is in most all cases a false since of security. It doesn't help you 95% of the time... i am guessing.
The except is possible I know. I found two iphones one time and saw the owners request to call them that was sent from the tracking system. I called and returned their phones. The people who have my phone have most likely dismantled it and are using the parts to recreate replications.... i lost it in China, lol. where I saw massive fake reproduction within buildings that consume 7-15 floors and about 8 city blocks. So, it isn't always about your information: in this case they wanted the hardware. Which brings up the next point.
In the iphone tracking portion of icloud.com there is an option to erase the phone. I am not sure if this makes it unusable for the new owner of default or if it just clears your crap so they can actually use the phone. I've left my stuff on the phone thinking it is most likely already in pieces. (a kinda Frankenstein-ish feeling when I think about it). If you erase you phone via the icloud it seems you are no longer able to track it. it cuts all of your ties and abilities to do anything... if you could do something. ... hmmm.
So, do not bother with phone carrier insurance on phones: better to make sure it is covered in a home renter's or owner's policy. You have to specifically ask this of your agent or it is not a part of your coverage. This will cost you less than the usual cell phone insurance, shouldn't be more than $5. per month. (i paid $10!! .... should be a class action going on somewhere around that in itself). Phone carrier insurance is a scam from A to Z these days... don't fall for it like I did. Yes, it was once a useful tool. Just make sure your home owner/renters ins deductible is not the same value as the phone.
So, do not fret that you did not have this "service" activated. Do however, check to see if you can download Photo Stream to any computer and access your last uploaded pictures from the phone. This application was most likely on your phone. Although you would have had to tie it to an account on the phone in order to tap into photo in a cloud of sorts.
Hope this helps if nothing more but to ease the pain.
: )
ferfer