Hi, having the same issue here. This has been happening for weeks now and I have no explanation. The bigger thing for me is the iTunes Wi-Fi Sync stopped working at the same time. I've tried many things, but so far the only thing to work was to uninstall all Apple products (in a particular order) then reinstall iTunes, which allowed the Wi-Fi Sync and the AirPlay to the AppleTV to work temporarily... I say temporarily because when I woke up this morning, it was back to malfunctioning.
I have tried everything from disabling services to running in compatibility mode, but nothing is working. Just now I have opened up a protocol analyzer and have found that my computer is indeed recieving the query from the AppleTV, as well as all my other i-Devices. Yet in iTunes, only one device shows up with the Wi-Fi Sync, and when I attempt to sync to it the device disappears saying "The settings could not be found". If it helps, all the devices can connect to the AppleTV with no issues to broadcast videos pictures and music, but the AppleTV cannot connect to the library on my computer, and my computer cannot broadcast anything to the AppleTV. I think because of related problems the Wi-Fi Sync is not working. Here is some more info if it is needed:
Computer running: Windows 7 Home Premium x64
Router is: TP-Link TL-R600VPN
Wireless: Xirrus AP's (not the issue as I have demonstrated)
All devices confirmed to be running latest firmware/software.
Please Apple, fix this one!