I have the same issue with multiple computers and external drives. First I had MBP 2011 with 10.8 and LaCie 2big Thunderbolt Raid 1 drive, 6TB. Drive ejected every now and then, usually after wake up from sleep but also intermittently. Eventually the LaCie drive failed. It broke and if you don't know then they don't fix broken drives..... (Can't recommend LaCie to anyone though the drive was good until it broke down).
Now I have replaced the LaCie with Vantec HXR4 4 drive Raid 5 setup using two of the LaCie HD's and two new identical ones. All drives formatted and Disk repaired with Disk utility. 12TB with 9TB of usable space. Same problem occurred. Intermittent ejection. Some days are worse than others. Sometimes I could get several hours of work but some day I could hardly get anything done.
I then replace the MBP with a brand new 27" iMac with 1TB Fusion drive and Mavericks. Same problem but it's getting worse! I took the HX4R drive to the dealer for repair. He said that after 1 hour the problem happened using 4 of his own HD's. Eventually replacing the housing and power supply. I plug it in at work and F…k. Same problem.
With 2 computers, 3 different USB cables, 2 sets of 4 Hd’s, two different enclosures I have to conclude that this has to do with APPLE software, not hardware. I've tried to Google the problem a few times being too specific in regards to the drives an not getting anything useful. Finally this came up using "mac lion raid 5 disk not ejected properly" and "mac mavericks raid disk not ejected properly"
I'm a professional photographer and I store a few terabytes of valuable image collection on it. I have backups but I need a drive and a setup that works so I can get my work done.