I continue to follow this thread, since there have been several valuable posts from folks who are in the same boat as me. Thank you for your tips and tricks, and I know we are all waiting for 10.9.2 to hopefully solve some of this craziness.
I, too, have relied more and more on my ios devices since they have not been affected - if anything they are functioning better than ever! Conspiracy theorists may propose that this is a calculated move to shift over from mac os to ios, or to continue their convergence, which I believe is inevitable. For now, I use my ipad for real time email and it has worked quite well.
I used many of the tips on this thread, and currently am able to receive and send on my exchange account via Mail, albeit not exactly real-time (about 1-5 minutes delayed usually). I removed extraneous paswords, deleted and reinstalled the account, using my outwook web access url as the server (as with ios), and deselected the auto detect. That last step seemed to really help keep me in the 1-5 minute delay range.
I have not begged my admins to alter the exchange settings, mainly because I am afraid of losing the functionality I now have. The last time I went to them with a Mac problem, I ended up walking them through the issues amidst rolling eyes and snide comments about the bother I was putting them through.
Thanks especially to the contributors for updating periodically on their experience with Apple and network issues. Much appreciated! To those new to the thread, there are excellent posts from folks like Bradhs and Randy and others on the above steps I described.