I upgraded about 200 computers to 10.9 and this shows up randomly on them after they run hard disk maintenance. I've been trying to debug it and so far I've figured out that if I run this command it fixes it.
rm -r /var/folders/*
You'd have to run it remotely, boot to single user mode, or boot to the recovery partition or other bootable volume. Hope this helps someone else.
I've been trying to figure out what about this folder is causing it to happen on my computers. I've found that I can move it from computer to computer and actually cause the problem to other computers, so I know it's in that folder. Beyond that I don't know. I can't find much information on that folder except that it's per-user caches and temporary files. I'm making a blog post as an attempt to have some info on /var/folders somewhere.
http://blog.magnusviri.com/what-is-var-folders.html