I am also having this issue, and I have been in contact with Apple about it.
My experience:
Shortly after installing Mavericks, I started seeing the pixelated garble like others have seen.
I have a:
Mid-2010 15" MBP
2.8 GHz Intel Core i7
NVIDIA GeForce GT 330M (512MB VRAM)
I have already had the logic board replaced for the loss of video issue mentioned here:
http://support.apple.com/kb/ts4088
It was replaced before OS 10.9 ever came out and it did fix the loss of video issue.
The issue seems occur under these conditions:
1) battery power
2) graphics switching is on
I can make it go away usually by doing something to cause a screen redraw (move windows, switch windows, sleep/wake, etc), sometimes though it can be quite persistent. Usually happens using Safari, and I've seen it on my Dashboard page.
Troubleshooting:
I have created a clean partition and installed a new OS, I didn't migrate anything. I used the machine on battery power and graphics switching for the whole day trying to get the issue to return. It did not. I made a distinct effort not to install ANYTHING - so couldn't watch certain videos and stuff. Mainly I surfed CNN, Etrade, YouTube and WeatherUnderground. I kept experimenting with it the next day, decided maybe it was some kind of software issue solved by a clean install, and went ahead and installed Adobe Flash Player 11 so I could watch some of those videos I couldn't watch without it. Not too long after it was installed, I had the issue again. It was happening fairly often now after nearly two days of nothing.
So I cleaned installed again, and again, I have not yet experienced the issue, and not installed anything. I'm only on day one though, this time I'm going to wait longer.
Anyway, I already convinced Apple I needed a repair for it, but I haven't sent it off yet until I know it happened without Adobe Flash 11.
Is anyone else suspicious of Adobe Flash 11 relating to this issue with Mavericks??
Thanks to all who have weighed in on this issue!