I experienced the problem today and decided to fix it. Found the blog and did not see a straight forward solution so accept the apology if this was somewhere in the long thread already.
In FINDER set the columns and tabs exactly like you want them in list view.
Use Option to Drag the column width.
My font size is 16 but this is just a preference.
Use SHOW VIEW OPTIONS and even add some column headings you rarely will use.
Now REARRANGE the columns so they are even in the order you need. (name cannot move)
* also under all my files area NAME is not a heading so this one window may result differently.
Once completed DO NOT shut the finder window. Open ACTIVITY MONITOR from utilities
Quit Finder ... not force quit
From Dock click Finder to bring its respawn to front.
Verify the changes took place.
If not repeat above (in case another finder task was running on the first try.)
If YES then toggle FULL SCREEN then try a couple sizes to verify the change fully took.
If any of the sizes don't show the change, option fix it like before, click set as default, activity monitor stop it again.
This has worked for me using MAVERICKS 10.9.4 to resize the column widths in Finder
-Paul v
an avid mac user
Due to my schedule constraints this is the first time I had sufficient time to root this out. Sorry for the delay.