It is indeed an Apple iOS Mail bug. The problem amounts to an authentication timeout, as I understand it – and it only bites people that use two-factor authentication:
- If you use the "Google" account type and two-factor authentication, setup works fine.
- Then after about 24 hours email stops working with the "imap.gmail.com is not responding" issue.
As pointed out above there is a simple, temporary (and annoying) workaround – just kill the iOS Mail application, then start it up again. This will cause the app to re-authenticate, and you will be good for another 24 hours give-or-take. Another workaround is to send an email. It appears that every time you send an email the iOS Mail app also re-authenticates – so every time you send an email the timeout clock gets reset to zero. People who send a lot of email may never see this bug.
Unfortunately, I have three email accounts (all on gmail) and I really only send from one of them. So... Every day, I start seeing this error show up.
If you are too fed up to keep killing the iOS Mail app, there is another solution:
- Login to your Google account and generate some application specific passwords.
- Delete the "Google" type of mail account, and create a new mail account by adding an account of type "Other."
- Set up the account as a standard IMAP SMTP account, using the new application login/password that you generated. This avoids the two-factor authentication problem.
- You may need to turn on IMAP access on the Google mail account, depending on your settings. (Just login on Gmail and click on settings, then make sure that IMAP is enabled).