This is what my folder looks like. Have you synced to your user account?
Troubleshooting Sync Services on Windows with Microsoft Outlook 2003, Outlook 2007, or Outlook 2010 - Apple Support
Try out the "reset sync services" bit from this link. If everything is saved in the cloud for you, don't worry about backing up.
If you decide to uninstall itunes, follow the exact order of steps 9google it), and itunes isn't first (go figure).
Have you tried an itunes repair? Download the latest version (I go straight to support.apple.com/downloads because the update facility within itunes doesn't always tell you there is an update. Other hairpulling events led to that revelation.) then run the install program. If it's an update, it will say installing, if it's not, it will ask if you want to repair (or uninstall I think. I had such a bad experience uninstalling once that I don't think I will ever attempt it again. I will reformat windows first, that's how bad it was.) ***If you uninstall itunes, deauthorize all the accounts associated with it first through the store tab up top!!**
I hope something works for you soon! The other thing you could try if the above doesn't work is to open another user account on your computer, open itunes, and try syncing there (you'll have to point it to your current itunes library). Of course, itunes will try to erase everything because you've synced with a different itunes so: 1. in preferences tick the box that says "prevent i-things from syncing automatically", 2. Use ifunbox to delete 3 key files so itunes thinks your phone is new and you've never synced it before (there are several tutorials available for that and the program is free).
