Basically Maveriks has gone by way of Windows in Performance.
Snow Leopard is the a more stable and fast OS much like Tiger.
It doesn't matter if you upgraded or did clean install the results are the same. core 2 or intel i7.
Problem is that there are many nice apps that will only run under Mavericks, which is a good thing, as we don't want a 15yr OLD OS like Windows.
One thing you might notices:
Create a new account, login to it, it will be much faster than your current account. Sometime you can delete the old "do not delete the directory" and recreate the account and use existing directory. (note you have to rename the directory back to original first).
It is sad to say ML and L are also faster than Mavericks and Yes as you saw the evolution of the OS from M ML to Mav - the beach ball became more and more dominate on your screen.
Lets just hope 10.9.5 will remove the OS performance issue which will most like require them to remove some features they thought were great.
Again we are all still looking for that rogue app or service that is causing all the performance issues.
Many time it is not CPU, it is other things like disk access, apps slow to initialize and unfortunately multitasking application.
Best option might be to wait for Yosemite and hope that it will not lock you out of legacy Machines even once that fully support 64bit but Apple feels they should not support it anymore. Issue with Mavericks will cause many to question weather to go to Yosemite, but time will tell.
"Always make sure you have a backup of your data"
Best option to test Apples New OS version or even return to old: External Firewire or USB (boot to drive).
In the past T, L, SL performance from an external disk are not bad at all. NOTE: USB 3.0 has bugs so make sure if you do USB it is 2.0.
Firewire 4 and 8 no issues as yet that I have experienced.
If you install SL back on external, you might see how fast your system is again and no beach ball.( ok will not any where near the level that ML and Mavericks produces it).