Checking back in after a long while.
Somewhere along the line, perhaps with iOS 8.3, this problem returned.
Now almost every time I unplug my iPhone 6, it disappears from the iTunes device list. If it doesn't disappear immediately, any subsequent attempt to sync via WiFi fails.
I've gone back to check all the usual fixes: restart iTunes, log out of Mac and back in, restart Mac, restart iPhone, reset network settings, plug iPhone into power, nothing works. I'm downloading iOS 8.3 to iTunes now (a four-hour process) and will try restoring iPhone.
BTW, everything else about the iPhone is working perfectly, and it is working fine on my home WiFi network, with no slowdowns or hitches. And, unlike my last post, this has nothing to do with switching to a different WiFi network.