I seriously cannot believe no one has responded to this issue with anything other than erase and restore your phone. That's extremely disappointing.
At any rate, here is what I am doing right now. I had enabled Find my iPhone when I performed the restore. So I logged in to iCloud and erased my phone remotely. This even works if the phone is locked. Luckily I've only the thing for a few hours so I haven't put any new content on it. At any rate, the phone was remote wiped, and I am now connected to iTunes on my iMac performing a restore.
When it's is completed. I will be video recording me typing in the passcode. So for the purposes of this test, the code will be 1357. Yes, I am putting the passcode here, no that will not remain my code if the issue is resolved. I will then video record me entering the passcode. If the passcode works, then I will leave that code for a short period of time. If the passcode fails, I will video record myself entering the 1357 passcode and the subsequent failure. My intention will be to demonstrate that this is not a "user error" or "forgotten passcode".
This will get VERY irritating VERY quickly if I have to do restores every few days because of a passcode problem.