My external hard drives (xHD) with Western Digital, LaCie, and Seagate of different sizes (500 MB, 1 TB, 2 TB) with Macally Firewire/USB enclosures (Models PHR-5250CC and G-S350SUA) have been working without problems for years under the Snow Leopard 10.6.8 running on my Mac Pro (MacPro4,1) at home and in the office.
After a clean-install of El Capitan 10.11 6 on an internal hard drive (iHD) of each of the Mac Pro machines, the problems with the xHD started from day one. El Capitan either (a) does not see the xHD at all, or (b) after connecting the xHD, it disconnects the xHD randomly, or (c) sees the xHD, mounts it properly, completes its operations as required, and disconnects it when required (normal operation).
I have tried many of the suggested fixes, including disabling putting HDs to sleep, exchanging cables, providing additional power to the exclosures, resetting the System Management Controller (SMC).
Working with the computers has become extremely frustrating or untenable. I have been a customer of Apple sine day one.
How can Apple ignore this problem for so long?