I have this same problem but in reverse. (iMac works, MBA doesn't). frank from madera posted "Check your ip address and subnet mask settings. While you may be on the same network (ssid), you can still be on a different subnet or the first 3 octets of your ip address are not right. I posted a solution that worked for me as I had the same problem you had. look up a few posts ^^^. In my case my router was giving me a DMZ/public ip address instead of a local one."
They are both on the same subnet 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 iphone is .11 and MBA is .8, iMac is .44. I can ping the iphone from each. If I turn off Facetime/iPhone Cellular Calls, the iMac notes the phone is not configured. The MBA just says to connect each to the same network. BTW, the iMac is connected via wired ethernet so all the business about needing WiFi is misleading.
Tried it on another wireless network MBA 192.168.1.64, iPhone 192.168.1.35 255.255.255.0, def rtr: 192.168.1.1. I can ping the iPhone from the MBA. Inbound call, no problem, Outbound call - no dice. This seems like it is not the connectivity issue that Facetime is reporting on fail of the outbound call.