maybe a way to find a solution. / for me this "trick" did HALF the rent.
ok....really...try this at your OWN RISK, but it helped me to restore my "white" folders in finder.
"only" the open dialog out of applications (file => open ) keeps white on some folders.......and spotlight stucks...and....(but from a unusable system to a 50% usable system is almost better than nothing.)
somewhere i found this information:
a. Open Terminal and run this command:
open $TMPDIR/../C
b. Locate and delete the folder called "com.apple.appstore"
c. Now, go to this folder and delete everything:
/Library/Updates/
d. Once done removing all these stuff, restart your Mac and empty the trash. Then run this command using Terminal:
defaults write com.apple.dock ResetLaunchPad -bool true; killall Dock
This resolved my problem with application folder in finder, but not with all the other folders.
To resolve THIS problem i deleted the WHOLE content in private/var/folders
restart, voila!
good luck
3 tipps:
-for the ones who are not used to command line: install midnightcommander for mac and start it with "sudo mc"
-if you can´t start terminal (because your utilities folder is gone white too, start your installation in rescue mode. there you can start terminal
-starting an app with terminal: open -a nameoftheapp