To my understanding, on a standard computer (whether using USB or bluetooth), the keyboard is a simple peripheral device that requires a driver from the manufacturer for the OS to recognize it (whether it's a Logitech, HP, etc. - especially if it has special function keys). Otherwise, the OS will rely on its built-in catalog of standard key-press signals to interpret what you are typing. [One of the frustrating things I've found with Microsoft OS in particular.] Bluetooth, USB, PS/2, etc. are simply the interface types, each with their standard protocols for communications (usually defined in an IEEE Standard).
With a bluetooth keyboard for a tablet device, the keyboard has a bit more logic built into it in order to communicate with the specific tablet OS. That's why Logitech, Zagg, etc. sell ones specific for iOS versus Android. In my case, I am using an iMac running OS X Yosemite with a standard Apple bluetooth keyboard. I also have a Zagg Keys Folio bluetooth keyboard for my iPad mini running iOS 8.3. With about 95% certainty, any keypress combination on my Apple b/t keyboard can be replicated on the Zagg keyboard with the same result. (See attached image as an example.)
On the link you provided earlier (http://www.macstories.net/tutorials/a-list-of-new-ios-7-keyboard-shortcuts/) I tried some of those keyboard shortcuts using my Zagg keyboard and they worked fine (e.g., start new email, send email).
From my research, any list of keyboard shortcuts you can use in OS X should work for the most part on your b/t iOS keyboard. Obviously there are some exceptions because of how OS X handles certain commands vs. how iOS does (e.g., saving a Pages or Numbers file). But by and large, they cross platforms. Not sure if you saw this link or not: Mac keyboard shortcuts - Apple Support (sorry if this is one you previously posted).
A separate interpretation for "iOS keyboard shortcut" can be found under Settings > General > Keyboard > Shortcuts, where you can define abbreviations/acronyms/shorthand and their full-text equivalents. Some examples I use are: tmrw = tomorrow, wdy = Wednesday, appt = appointment, and so on. As I type the shorthand, iOS and OS X replace what I typed with the full text.
I hope this helps you.