'Twas nuttin'
I guess I'm still not totally clear about your entire 'battle plan' - I failed to mention the very 1st step that I as a consultant employ = "Discovery" = all there is about target audience, and the 'venue' delivery device(s)
Are YOU gonna print and distribute paper books? OR are they gonna print on their own printers? Something else? (not that it matters much, just for my own understanding)
I saw that... I would have been astonished if it had worked for all you need - your question was too narrow - you have much more to do than desaturate IN the file - it does not address your file size issue and cannot - it is ColorSync is all and surprisingly it can parse the colorspace of the PDF contents
Let me clarify exactly what a PDF is. It is a "container" file developed by Adobe for sharing a document across platforms and OSes. It can have selectable and searchable text, images, QT movies IN it.
What I understand that have already done is that you are treating each "page' AS an Image - like a JPG or PNG or TIFF file. It CAN do that as you know, but it not intended for that purpose.
In Pages.app, you should type (or paste) your text, import and position your images (already the size you want them) until you are completely finished.
THEN export that AS a PDF for your audience to print.
IF you are gonna print it yourself for distribution in paper form, you DO NOT need to Export it at all.
Apple learned everything it knows about Color and Images FROM Adobe - back in the early days, 3rd party developers helped make Apple the Go To platform for graphic design and desktop publishing - they 'collaborated', in other words. No more.
Your next should be to start again by prepping your images - then copy/pasting text from your source document while inserting images as you go along.
If Pages will allow 'linking external image files' - you could simply swap the Color Folder with the Grayscale Folder at export to PDF or Print time.
Your color issue is moot if you cannot get the file size down to the site's size limit.
As I said before, this is not what you want to hear. Your images' data by the is being 'thrown away' by the Raster Image Processing (RIP) printer driver software that sends the printer 'what to print and where and what color' on the page - its a DOT Pattern in Dots Per Inch (DPI)
**** the torpedoes full speed ahead got you where you are.
Two files of <400MB each - heck, THREE if need be!!