I actually dig that as first step (i.e. loaded the Bootcamp partition), apparently Windows 10 was stuck on an update, you know the ones that download automatically. Loading the Bootcamp image "solved" the updating problem, fixing the Windows installation.
However, I needed to deactivate a floating license in a piece software in Windows in order to be able to use it on my other PC, but the Bootcamp image in VMware got another CPU ID, so the software appeared unlicensed with no way to "return" the license to the vendor. That was very aggravating, since I depend on the software for my freelance work.
Also note that Windows is not activated if loaded as a Bootcamp image (30 days grace). But yeah, this method did solve the Windows *****updating issue.
How I eventually got the Windows boot menu eventually is a bit of mystery, I just kept on hitting combinations of F1/F8-keys and control/shift/Win, I think, until something happened. About 10 reboots. After that I disabled the Bluetooth driver/hardware, returned my software license, and rebooted a couple of times.
Everything seems OK, but I don't trust my Macbook (12 inch/early 2015) with Windows anymore. It used to be my daily driver, but is now pretty useless.
So thanks a heap Apple.