Here’s what I think is happening.
If you do a “Restore from iCloud” , the App Store actually gets a list of every app that you have ever downloaded from the beginning of time. I’ve always found it annoying that Apple won’t let you delete stupid one-off apps that you download. Sure you can “hide” them but why not just delete them?
Anyways, the Restore gets stuck trying to download apps that are dead and missing from the App Store or that or incompatible with iOS 11.
If you go into the App Store, you’ll see a bunch of apps with the pending spinning circle. You can tap on these and pause he download. You’ll see some with a greyed our iCloud. You should hide these by swiping left. Stop all the spinning circle apps. Hide all those with a greyed our iCloud. Hide any garbage you no longer want. Does this carefully as the list updates slowly and it’s easy to hide something you want.
Delete any apps that are in the loading phase. These are probably the blockers that have gummed up the whole system.
Once you do this you can selectively get back on track.
Do note: this completely obliterated the advantage of restoring from iCloud. You will lose data, settings, and app layout. Extremely annoying.