Thanks for getting me on track with your solution.
Setup: iMac iMac (Retina 5K, 27-inch, Late 2015) with SSD 500 GB on macOS 10.13.3.
Problem: I downloaded macOS High Sierra 10.13.3 Supplemental Update (19/02/2018) via the App Store.
(The macOS High Sierra 10.13.3 Supplemental Update fixes an issue where using certain character sequences could cause apps to crash)
But after the download, macOS would not restart. The screen goes black and freezes.
Only solution was to power off completely and reboot.
But macOS didn't complete the update.
Retried 20 times => not working.
Official Apple support says: try to update in Safe Mode => not working.
Solution that did work for me:
Step 1: Download macOS High Sierra 10.13.3 Supplemental Update (Download macOS High Sierra 10.13.3 Supplemental Update)
Step 2: Clone your boot volume and boot from the cloned drive
(I had luckily already a bootable backup on an external USB drive made with Carbon Copy Cloner ! :-)
Step 3: install the supplemental update on the ORIGINAL volume, you can select the target during the install process
Step 4: Boot from the original drive
Lesson learned: never 100% trust what official Apple support tells you, but search yourself the Apple Discussions forum for a solution. ;-)