"Enter Password for Other MacBook Pro" - this is the only one.

I would take it to an apple store and see what they have to say. If your under applecare, give apple a call.

R

So what am I missing here?

Probably some misconfiguration done by your IT shop.

The first request I would have assumed was to decrypt the drive if they had encrypted it. However, the second message for the "other" MBP is quite odd.

I don't know what has happened, then.

How did you encrypt it? FileVault

I would try to decrypt it, then re-encrypt. It will likely take some time.

I have the exact same problem..

How did you fixed this?

That is quite a bother, but I will try. I'm a bit confused though as to how it would solve the problem, since the password is the same as for my MacBook and since I intent to set the same password again.

If it doesn't recognize the password, then it doesn't matter if it is the same. However, there is nothing that really suggests that it is a problem with the encryption, its just the only other thing that would have a password. You have a very strange problem that I've never heard of. Have you tried taking it to an Apple Store?

What year was the Mac made? The most recent ones (2018) have an onboard encryption chip. Apparently, erasing those is not a good idea as it cannot be recovered. If it is older, then erasing and restoring from a backup may be the only solution.