Any files you want to share between different computers should be located on a disk that both can read.
Mac can read NTFS but not write to it. PC with help can read HFS+ but not write to it. So it is better to use a format that both OS can read natively.. ie ExFAT or FAT32 although neither are particularly great formats.
Using a proper NAS (A Time Capsule is not a NAS) can make file sharing between windows and mac easier because it probably is using a Linux format that neither Mac or PC can natively read or write.. but offers SMB protocol (some also offer AFP) which Apple also uses now so both can read and write to the drive. File sharing over a network is of course controlled by the OS in the NAS itself.
Then you have permissions problems. The Mac has increased permissions since Sierra and made it much more difficult for others to read the files.. although usually windows is not particularly bothered by Apple permissions.
It is best to create a directory in windows and then copy files to this directory / Folder from your Mac..
And of course the PC and the Mac need to share same software or at least be able to read files of a particular software. Eg MS Office is not a big problem except for page layout and fonts etc.
You will have big problems with photos for example on the Mac as PC does not have that Application.
I have a full clone of the disk on the AirPort/Time Machine.
Actually you don't have a clone.. you have a construct of files in unreadable form.
CCC produces a real clone.. it is directly bootable. You can find all your files in the folder where they are expected to be. To actually get Time Machine back restored to a computer is several hours work at least. You can boot a CCC clone directly. It is exact CLONE of your Mac's hard disk.