Password Reset: password field missing in Exchange email settings

I'm trying to change the password of my school's exchange email account on my iPhone 6 plus (iOS 11).

When I go to Settings > Accounts & Passwords > Exchange (my school email) > Account > Advanced Settings, there is just no password field there, as per screenshot below -

Now I've read online that Apple deliberately removes the password field so that once the account is setup, it can seamlessly communicate with the server, without the need to go into password details ever again. If there is an error connecting with the server, one can tap into the error pop up from the email and enter the new password there.

When I go to my exchange account, I can see there's an error message at the bottom that says "Account Error: Exchange". There is a 'details' link next to it, but when I tap on it, I just get a pop up saying "Cannot get mail. The connection to the server failed". Screenshots below -

That's all there is. I've spent over two days trying to figure out how to enter the new password. I can't imagine why Apple makes our lives miserable like this. If there was a password field, all this could have been avoided.