Refurbished iPad

All of the "certified refurbished" iPads that I have seen on Amazon are certified and refurbished by a 3rd party (i.e., not Apple and not Amazon). They don't come with an extended Apple warranty. AppleCare can only be purchased on new products within 60 days of their original sale or on Apple refurbished products. Apple certified refurbished products are available from the following site: Refurbished iPad - Apple

Who refurbished it exactly? When was it refurbished?

The 1 year warranty only comes with Apple refurbished devices. And those can only be bought from Apple directly.

If Amazon or some other party refurbished it, then the warranty is what either Amazon or the third party offer.

If it was refurbished by Apple, sold to some other party, and is now being sold by this or some other party, then the warranty may have already expired, or be at least partially depleted.

Apple Care can only be bought for devices within 60 days of being purchased from Apple or an Apple Authorized reseller. Amazon is neither.