I don't believe this is actually possible. My Photo Stream transfers photos from the iPhone to Mac OS / OSX, not vice versa. My Photo Stream was implemented years ago as a means to upload photos (always full resolution) to a Mac. The actual setting is "Upload to My Photo Stream".
Your iPhone only uploads to My Photo Stream and does not download automatically, but the Mac will automatically import photos from my Photo Stream and upload new photos. And when you are working with the My Photo Stream photos on your iPhone and enlarge one of the photos uploaded from your Mac or another iOS device, your iPhone will download and save an additional version on your iPhone n the Camera Roll.
- As long as you are using My Photo Stream alone to transfer photos between the Mac and the iPhone, all will be fine.
- As long as you are using only iCloud Photo Library all will be well as well.
The dangerous moment is the transition from My Photo Stream to iCloud Photo Library. Turning on iCloud Photo Library on the iPhone will disable My Photo Stream automatically, but any photo you already saved from My Photo Stream on your iPhone to the Camera Roll will remain on the device - smaller version of the original in My Photo Stream.
These downloaded, smaller versions will now sync to iCloud Photo Library and from there to all other iCloud Photo Library devices.
I used to switch off iCloud Photo Library on my iOS devices while I have been traveling abroad without a decent internet and used only My Photo Steam while I have been away from home. And there have frequently been duplicated, smaller versions of some of my Mac photos with a width of 2048 pixels, after I enabled iCloud Photo Library again on the iPhone and iPad.
Once My Photo Library has become enabled, it is no longer possible to create duplicates by saving from My Photo Stream, because it will be hidden, if you turn it on again.