I have been reading all different ideas, approaches and comments to this on going problem and Apple's lack of solution and for what it's worth here's mine. This isn't just about Catalina, this has been on going for what appears to be years and different OS updates, etc. One day it worked and the next day....zip! I'm still running High Sierra and my problem started in March after I downloaded pictures from my iPhone to my iMac and immediately was unable to sent pictures with instant message. i spent 3+ hours on the phone with apple, and several tech people trying everything that they could come up with and still no solution. I took my iMac in to my Mac tech's who spend a couple of days troubleshooting ...to no avail.
And all of this is using just the internal drive, none of this external drive stuff.
What I have tried that worked is I created a guest user account and under this account it WORKS! But using it this way is very inconvienent and besides IT SHOULD WORK THE WAY IT"S supposed TO! ....Not with all of these work arounds, etc...
Now I'm not an engineer, but working as an electrician I know that if I go on a trouble call for an electrical problem, I'm given the background to what happened, when did it stop working, what are the symptoms, etc.. and from that I can narrow down the issue to where the problem is! WHY CAN"T APPLE? And I do not believe that they are unaware of the issue, it should be something simple enough for the people who designed the software....I don't get it, what gives?