I would try a couple of things:
1) Disconnect the WD external drive.
2) remove the Verizon updater from User Login Items
Do both, then restart and test for a while. See if a new EtreCheck report shows any changes.
I mention the WD My Passport because they seem to appear a bit too often in problem reports here. WD bare drives are excellent but their external enclosures seem like they were designed not for performance but to go on sale at the office superstores every other weekend. It is easy to check and then reattach if nothing changes.
The Verison software may be "phoning home" to check for updates; removing it for testing is easy and you can add it back to Login items if it does not proove to be the issue.
Those are long shots. Like my esteemed colleague Old Toad, I've seen plenty of reports on 21.5-inch iMacs where all signs point to the slow hard drive. In addition to being 5400-rpm, it is rated at SATA 3GBps speeds on a computer whose hard drive bus is double that rating--6GBps. I was with a similar situation with a 2012 MacBook Pro with similar specs to your iMac but a slower processor. I pulled the 3GBps 5400-rpm drive and replaced it with a solid state drive rated at 6GBps. These are its EtreCheck drive performance numbers today; compare them to yours:
Performance:
System Load: 1.61 (1 min ago) 1.60 (5 min ago) 2.94 (15 min ago)
Nominal I/O speed: 0.15 MB/s
File system: 28.20 seconds
Write speed: 487 MB/s
Read speed: 482 MB/s
It boots in under 20 seconds but the big difference was PhotoShop Elements. Before the SSD it took 15-18 seconds to launch; today it is ready to edit in 3-4 seconds.
Unfortunately the design of your iMac puts a DYI install of a faster drive internally beyond most consumers. That's why the external drive option works for your iMac. To pull this off, the external enclosure must be rated USB3 and the SSD you put inside must be rated at an SATA speed of 6GBps.