Can you trace iphone with IMEI

I lost my iphone X in Feb 2019. I forgot that in public restroom with full battery. As soon as I realised in 15 minutes I went to restroom and never found my phone. I looked at icloud but could not trace that. Seems like someone must have powered that off. How not sure since it was password locked. I kept in lost mode for 1 week but my phone never showed up. Eventually I placed remote erase request and it has been several months and erase request is still pending. Not sure whether the person who got my iphone X never powered my phone up or erased my phone before powering on.

My question is can we find iphone with IMEI if my phone is used by someone else or even if sold to some other country?

Thanks,

Kashif