Here is something I noticed when battling some perceived syncing issues with Photos on Catalina: If your Mac is doing other things, almost anything... it may not actually be processing or syncing. I have an external CalDigit hub as well and it seems rarely if every do I get a photo to sync with iCloud when its plugged in. If I unplug all external monitors and put my machine to sleep about 5 minutes later things start syncing, faces get scanned etc.
I was looking in the Console at any "photo" events and keep seeing this:
501:com.apple.cloudphotod.sync.discretionary-when-background:761523:[
{name: ThermalPolicy, policyWeight: 5.000, response: {Decision: Absolutely Must Not Proceed, Score: 0.00, Rationale: [{thermalLevel >= 1}]}}
], FinalDecision: Absolutely Must Not Proceed}
This led me to shutting everything down and letting my Mac cool down.
I've never had issues like this before Catalina on my iMac or MacBook so it seems as though there might be some extra checks happening.. or my aging hardware is running hotter than usual with the new OS.
I have a new iMac coming next week and will see if things change with 2019 hardware. (My late 2014 iMac was bricked by Catalina.. a whole other discussion)
I *doubt* this is the fix but maybe some of you can try making sure your machine is free of external devices and is nice and "calm"... maybe that will speed things up a bit.