Not sure why, but I have the same issue with my Xs Max on iOS13.1.3.
If I restart my phone, the shutter lock sound will be very loud (as loud as I set the volume to max), but if I play some music or there’s audio output, then the lock sound become much quieter and does not go back to the volume you set ringtone/volume to be, almost like 30% volume.
it’s really annoying because it makes me feel like there’s something wrong with the phone.
One time my alarm “went off” but did not ring, even though my phone was on and not on silent, it’s making me paranoid about what if one day I miss work or an important meeting because it doesn’t ring causing me to oversleep.