The problem is probably due to corrupt user databases, which are needed for the management of the logins of various Apple online services. Therefore, the workaround works with a new user. What helped me was the resetting of these databases. So, no new user profile or reinstallation is required. To do this open the terminal and enter the following commands. Then reboot and first log in to the relevant applications (Music, TV and Podcasts). Only then in the system settings again log in to iCloud. All applications connected to iCloud will be re-synced, which takes time especially with larger photo libraries and iCloud outsourced data.
sudo -v
***Enter Your Mac Password***
killall -9 accountsd com.apple.iCloudHelper
defaults delete MobileMeAccounts
rm -rf ~/Library/Accounts
killall -9 accountsd com.apple.iCloudHelper
***Should tell you at this point no matching processes found, after that reboot your Mac***