White Screen

Okay so two days ago I was out and my phone died. I got home about 30 minutes after, and plugged my phone up to my charging dock. It charged to bout 28% when I took it off to text my daughter. My text messages weren't going through. I usually just restart my phone and then that takes care of that problem. It seems like a common problem when my phone dies. So anyway, I went to restart it. I turned it off. Waited a minute then turned it back on, now I have a white screen with an apple logo. At times, it goes black and then comes back on the white screen. Some times it even turns black and then shows the screen with the uncharged battery(when plugged in). Sometimes it goes to a screen saying I need to charge my phone, then back to white. The charger I mostly use is not apple made, so sometimes it wants me to unlock in order for it to completely charge. Well because of this, it hasn't done an update lately and hasn't backed up since the middle of October. I have many pictures that I would like to save. So here is my question, is there anyway to save what data, pictures, web pages, and so on that didn't get backed up? My device is an iphone 8 plus. Just within the past few months I have had to have the screen replaced because it was smashed so hard that it went black. The back is cracked bad and has pieces missing at the bottom. Something is internally damaged to where I don't have a working internal speaker. When using the phone, it has to be on speaker for me to hear anything.