Perpetual internet connectivity issues on Catalina

I have absolutely no idea what is going on, but I have incredibly annoying dropped or refused network connections exclusively when browsing the internet. One moment it's fine, the next I can't load a web page.

I have fully reset Safari multiple times, I do not have any extensions installed, and I've deleted all cache files. I even went the full extent of reinstalling Catalina.

While this happens, I am able to ping the internet with no issues. I have Google Drive File Stream, Spotify, Creative Cloud all running and they don't indicate dropped connections. Music is even flawlessly playing and my VoIP application doesn't disconnect either.

I'm currently running over ethernet. If I switch to WiFi it sometimes works, but the issue can still arise. I prefer ethernet because it's faster and my VoIP doesn't work if I'm not plugged in.

The error message I get is 'Safari can't open [web address] because Safari can't establish a secure connection to the server [web address].

Specs:

macOS Catalina 10.15.2

iMac Retina 5k Late 2015 maxed out