Because it's a game of luck if my monitor works correct after sleep or reboot, I decided to get rid of HDR completely and fix it in RGB mode. So far I don't have any issues anymore.
- Download the file patch-edid.rb from https://gist.github.com/adaugherity/7435890
- put it on your Desktop
- in the Terminal:
cd Desktop
rb patch-edid.rb
Now you will have a folder called "DisplayVendorID-..." (in my case it's DisplayVendorID-1e6d)
Reboot your Mac in recovery mode. If you have FileVault enabled, activate your Volumes with the disk utility now. Then switch to Terminal. Now type the following (make sure what you type matches the name of your Volume and the DisplayVendor folder):
Consider saving a copy of the folder in the second line below somewhere - i didn't need it.
cd /Volumes/OSX/System/Library/Displays/Contents/Resources/Overrides
cp -rf /Volumes/OSX/Users/username/Desktop/DisplayVendorID-1e6d .
Make sure not to miss the last dot. If it doesn't work, probably the path isn't entered correctly.
This will delete your monitor description and replace it with the one you generated.
Now reboot your Mac and enjoy a working display.
I'm looking forward to Apple ad LG to find a fix that allows to use HDR as intended.