So, its an issue with the installer perhaps? Quite possible, I even have a 2017 imac, which runs high sierra till last month, i tried upgrading directly to 1.15.4, but it just wouldnt want to, it showed the same screen as yours, so to fix this issue, i had installed an older version of catalina, 1.15, the first version, and then it worked like magic. After the upgrade, i updated to 10.15.4. Thats quite odd, it has a 1 TB Fusion drive with about 800 gbs free. And this problem didnt happen on my 2015 pro. I updated from mac os el capitan 10.11.6, directly to 10.14.5 yesterday, it worked like a breeze. Keep in mind i have even changed the thermal paste and upgraded the ram from 8 to 16 on that thing, its still my primary laptop for video encoding and xCode due to its cpu horse power. Despite of my air being newer hardware (even though its **** slower than my pro), its still having issues upgrading from 10.15.1 to 10.15.4, or even for that matter 10.15. And as my laptop is out of warranty, i cant ask them anything in the genius bar. Godamn it apple