Hi GrandJan,
Thank you for using Apple Support Communities. I understand you're having issues with the Photos app being unable to view or edit HEIF formatted files. I'd be happy to assist!
Do you happen to know what version of macOS you are running? If not, here is a great resource that will help you find that information:
Find out which macOS your Mac is using
The reason for asking is that HEIF and HEVC file formats are not supported on older versions of macOS. I'd recommend taking a look at this resource which talks about using HEIF and HEVC files: Using HEIF or HEVC media on Apple devices
Specifically, take a look at this section:
"Working with this media
Support for HEIF and HEVC is built into iOS 11 and later and macOS High Sierra and later, letting you view, edit, or duplicate this media in a variety of apps, including Photos, iMovie, and QuickTime Player.
On some older devices, support for HEVC is affected by the resolution and frame rate (fps) of the video. Resolutions of 1080p or lower and frame rates of 60 fps or lower are more broadly compatible with older devices. To reduce the resolution and frame rate that your capture device uses for recording video, go to Settings > Camera > Record Video, as well as Settings > Camera > Record Slo-mo.
If you're using iCloud Photos with iOS 10 or macOS Sierra, you might see a warning icon in the upper-right corner of the photo or video, or you might see an alert message. To fully view, edit, or duplicate HEIF and HEVC media on your device, upgrade to iOS 11 or later or macOS High Sierra or later."
If your macOS is not on High Sierra or later and you would like to update to a more recent version that is something you can do.
Before doing so I would recommend making a back up. If you do not have a back up here is how you can make one: Back up your Mac with Time Machine
After backing up your Mac you can perform an update to a more recent macOS. Here a good article on how to update your Mac: How to update the software on your Mac
Enjoy your day.