To summarize...
You have an iPhone that is off. You restart the iPhone. The iPhone prompts for the passcode or password, amd will not accept the Touch ID or Face ID. The iPhone also reports a message indicating that the passcode or password is required to enable Touch ID or Face ID after a restart. Once the passcode or password is entered once, the iPhone then accepts Touch ID or Face ID.
This is normal and expected.
Touch ID and Face ID are not what protects your data. It is your passcode or password that protects your data. The better your passcode or password, the better protected your data.
And again, Touch ID and Face ID are a shortcut intended to allow you to use a better passcode or password without having to re-enter it all the time; for secondary protection and ease-of-use, not primary protection.
Verify that your sibling has seen the Apple logo when first turning on the iPhone, and is not misinterpreting the display sleep function with an iPhone restart. Because if there’s a problem here, it is with your sibling’s device and not yours. But I’d expect this is an iPhone that was not restarted, but rather reawakened.
Or your sibling is gaslighting you.
Here is how to Restart your iPhone - Apple Support
Also see page 13 here:
https://manuals.info.apple.com/MANUALS/1000/MA1902/en_US/apple-platform-security-guide.pdf