Not necessarily. It depends on the problem with the Logic Board and the exact model of the laptop.
If you have access to another Mac you can try putting the defective Mac into Target Disk Mode and connect it to the other Mac to see if the data is accessible. As long as the laptop has minimal power you should be able to access the data.
I don't know if an Apple Store will attempt data recovery from an SSD integrated into the Logic Board, but an independent Apple Authorized Service Provider is probably more likely able to attempt recovering your data depending on the exact model and the severity of the failure. There is a special connector on the Logic Board of the 2016-2017 MBPros which an AASP can use a special device to attempt to access the SSD's data. A 2018+ MBPro with a T2 chip is less likely to have the data recovered since it must be able to be put into a DFU restore mode where an AASP must use a special service utility to read the data from the SSD.
Another option would be to inform Apple or the AASP that you need the data recovered and have Apple or the AASP send the defective Logic Board to a professional data recovery service on your behalf.