Well, went back and double checked and well in terms of
Bootcamp itself, I was not imagining what it said:

However, I was in error about the partitioning. Bootcamp did
in fact create a physical partition:
/dev/disk0 (internal, physical):
#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
0: GUID_partition_scheme *960.2 GB disk0
1: EFI EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1
2: Apple_APFS Container disk1 704.0 GB disk0s2
3: Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP 256.0 GB disk0s3
So, the issue is that the Windows installer is not seeing this partition
and you were correct on somethings and as you will see some
are different.
Doing diskutil info /dev/disk0s3 results in this:
Device Identifier: disk0s3
Device Node: /dev/disk0s3
Whole: No
Part of Whole: disk0
Volume Name: BOOTCAMP
Mounted: Yes
Mount Point: /Volumes/BOOTCAMP
Partition Type: Microsoft Basic Data
File System Personality: NTFS
Type (Bundle): ntfs
Name (User Visible): Windows NT File System (NTFS)
OS Can Be Installed: No
Media Type: Generic
Protocol: SATA
SMART Status: Verified
Disk / Partition UUID: 5FE67A59-4BC1-44FC-9325-938063609A7F
Partition Offset: 704210010112 Bytes (1375410176 512-Byte-Device-Blocks)
Disk Size: 256.0 GB (255986761728 Bytes) (exactly 499974144 512-Byte-Units)
Device Block Size: 512 Bytes
Volume Total Space: 256.0 GB (255986757632 Bytes) (exactly 499974136 512-Byte-Units)
Volume Used Space: 75.4 MB (75382784 Bytes) (exactly 147232 512-Byte-Units) (0.0%)
Volume Free Space: 255.9 GB (255911374848 Bytes) (exactly 499826904 512-Byte-Units) (100.0%)
Allocation Block Size: 4096 Bytes
Read-Only Media: No
Read-Only Volume: Yes
Device Location: Internal
Removable Media: Fixed
Solid State: Yes
Hardware AES Support: No
The one line that stands out to me is:
OS Can Be Installed: No
Now, whether that is just referring to macOS or any
OS remains to be seen. The other surprising thing is that it is
showing as an NTFS volume, which I thought Apple was not even
allowed t do because of licensing issues.
I am off to do other things for the next few days but had a short bit
of time to collect this info.
Any thoughts?