Update for my iMac late 2015, 8GB.
Never had an auto shutdown/restart with kernel panic. Since Catalina, I've had kernel panics on manual shutdown after long idle time. Will not upgrade to Big Sur until this is resolved.
The one common variable is long idle time. So I disconnected the external display and 3TB LaCie drive, and turned off auto update for Time Machine.
After long idle time, no auto shutdown, then normal manual shutdown with no kernel panic:
- No apps running.
- Firefox running, but never connected to any URL.
- Firefox and local apps running, never connected to any URL.
- Local apps running, including mail and Quicken, connected to WiFi for updates, Firefox not connected to URL, all apps shut down before long idle time.
- No apps running, external monitor reconnected (but not functioning).
- No apps running, LaCie reconnected and Time Machine auto updating.
Bomb on manual shutdown:
Firefox and other apps running, Firefox used extensively on WiFi, all apps shut down after long idle time.
So I don't think hardware is involved here, unless you want to blame the WiFi router. And the one thing that seems to guarantee it is Web surfing via WiFi, a long idle time, then quitting all apps before manual restart. (BTW, I also had trouble when I used Google Chrome but this procedure did not involve Chrome.)