Rajesh Kanungo wrote:
An OS should not be that easy (impossible?) to crash by any apps. …
By Apps, you are quite correct, since they can do nothing down at the Kernel level.
However, not all “apps” are strictly Apps. All to often, they come with a host of system, users, and other modifications.
What’s at the User Interface (UI) level is, all too often, only the “tip of the iceberg”, so to speak.
… In my case, all the KEXTS belong to Apple. It is a big Apple screwup.
Even if that were demonstrably the case, there are more than just «KEXTS» that can affect the kernel level.
While the Operating System (OS) does try to provide some “segregation” of drivers, of various kinds, from the kernel, drivers are one of the principle “weak links” for any OS: they often link at a rather low level.
Hence, drivers are required to be particularly well written.
Nonetheless, drivers are, typically, specific to an OS! A Catalina driver is highly likely to have trouble on Big Sur (and vise versa).
That’s why a clean install test is the ultimate test of whether any issue is due to the Hardware-OS combination.
Not coincidentally, this is exactly the principle test that is repeated most often for new Hardware and new OSs!
So. Both the OS and the Hardware have already passed this test—repeatedly.
That’s why, unless there is a Hardware failure, we already know that there must be an issue with some third-party software.
This difficulty is in tracking down the culprit.
(Really, no one should ever upgrade [not just update] their OS without checking the compatibility of their software and add-on hardware, for the new OS.
Note: the distinction between OS updates vs. upgrades is an important one:
- Updates can only have compatible OS changes.
- Upgrade can, and often do, have incompatible OS changes. In fact, this is almost the only reason for upgrades!)