You have several options to attempt to access your data on the SSD.
You can try booting into Internet Recovery Mode using Command + Option + R to access the online macOS installer so that you can attempt to install macOS to an external USB drive. Just make sure to properly erase the external drive which usually has an orange icon (although not always). If you accidentally erase your internal drive, then you will lose any chance of accessing the data on the internal SSD.
If you have access to another Mac, then you can put the non-booting Mac into Target Disk Mode so you can appear as an external SSD when connected to your other Mac. You can also use this other Mac to create a bootable macOS USB installer.
If you are familiar with the command line, then you can boot into Internet Recovery Mode to manually transfer your files to external media using the command line.
Apple assumes you have a backup of your data. Apple will not hesitate to perform a clean install of macOS by first erasing the SSD which will permanently destroy the data on the SSD. Some Apple Authorized Service Providers may assist you with attempting to recover the data from your SSD for an extra fee. If the SSD is failing, then the only option may be to have a professional data recovery service attempt to recover the data from the SSD. Since the system is getting a kernel panic I think there is a good chance you will be able to recover the data one way or another.
In the future please have frequent & regular backups. FYI, it is impossible to recover accidentally deleted data from an SSD plus an SSD can fail at any time without any warning signs.