Check to make sure your system volume is not muted or set very low.
You can also perform a PRAM Reset which should remove any NVRAM settings and restore the boot chime.
If this doesn't work, then try clearing the NVRAM settings using this command in the Terminal app:
sudo nvram -c
Press the "Return" key at the end of the line to execute the command. You will be prompted for your admin password. Nothing will appear on the screen as you type the password. Press the "Return" key to submit the password. Reboot your laptop to see if the startup chime is back.
If none of this works, then perhaps the .plist preference file is corrupt so you can try deleting it (and empty the Trash). Reboot the laptop so that macOS recreates the default preference file. I'm not sure where this file is located or the name of it.