Hello there cajonpass,
We understand you're having some issues opening apps from your Mac's Dock and using Launchpad. Let's take a closer look to see what could be going on.
You can adjust permissions. Since it occurs with Applications and other major folders, you may want to change the permissions of your Home Folder: If you don’t have permission to use files on a Mac disk - Apple Support
After you reset the permissions, restart your computer.
If you still have issues, please answer the following questions:
Does the same thing happen while opening apps directly from the Applications folder on your Mac instead of using the Dock or Launchpad? You can access the Applications folder using Finder, click the Go menu from the top of the screen and look for the Applications option.
Next, does this happen with all apps, or just a few specific ones? If so, what specific apps have you experienced this with so far?
You may also try to see if the same issue occurs in safe mode: Start up your Mac in safe mode - Apple Support
We hope this helps get you started!
Take care.