Agree, have also done everything Dan Batson has done (and more), no luck.
I've now spent a week trying to solve this, no luck. Why would I spend so much time on this?
Because we refurbish second hand iMacs and resell them with a fresh clean install of High Sierra (and we go to a lot of effort to make sure any USB installers/tools used on these machines haven't been near another iMac).
The issue has come to light because of several people have phoned stating the same problem with their iMac 2009-2011 (running High Sierra 10.13.6), the App Store update page is corrupt.
Remember too, this applies (I assume so) to some of the latest iMacs/macbooks from 2017, that came pre-installed with HS and are still running High Sierra (for whatever reason).
My first hunch was that is was the lack of up-to-date firmware, by installing this new installer of 10.13.6, and what was needed was the original release of HS 10.13.6 without any security updates, or that it's a result of a revoked/out of date security certificate. Though the issue now seems to point to Apple's servers (again, could be a certifcate issue).
It's made even more difficult because of the restraints put on obtaining and using different and older versions of High Sierra 10.13, in an attempt to work out the issue. Apple has put so many unnecessary obstacles in place, which can only be seen as anti-competitive moves by Apple, against second hand resellers. (In many ways older mac machines are the biggest competition for Apple, getting people to dump them).
Removing the original High Sierra 10.13.6 from the Apple Store and replacing it with a convoluted process, with a version that has security updates in place, that prevents the 'usual fix/hack' of applying Combo Update 10.13.6 over the top, from working, and thus applying any necessary firmware/file permission changes.
I've no problem with Apple not offering security updates as planned for a particular version (that part was known), what I do object to, is Apple trashing the backend server CSS interface, in effect 'switching it off' causing how the original OOTB (Out of the Box) iMac update page is display as garbled, displaying as a basic font, and is then perceived to a virus to someone buying a secondhand machine.
In many ways, that's what it is, a virus but done by Apple. What we don't know if this was done purposely to have that effect, to change the OOTB experience for second-hand buyers.