hi there! if you have any photos in iCloud , it will shows these photos across all the devices. but if you don't want to show any old photos and keep it secure on iCloud, you can hide these photos into your photos app and it won't show in the photos album of your iPhone and these photos will be secured on you iCloud too. this is great way to solve your problem.
to hide any photo tap on the photo and then tap share icon , then tap Hide in the list of options.
Hidden photos are moved to the Hidden album. You can’t view them anywhere else.
To turn off the Hidden album so it doesn’t appear in Albums, go to Settings > Photos, then turn off Hidden Album.
to know more in details you can visit this link 👇
https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/delete-and-hide-photos-and-videos-iphb4defbde9/ios