I encountered a similar issue, trying to use Google Maps street view on my 2012 Mac mini. It's fine without the 2021-007 Catalina update; it breaks after the update was applied. I re-installed Catalina without the update.
Out of curiosity, has anyone been brave enough to try to replace the HD4000 driver code with the pre-update versions? I found these directories that might be applicable.
/System/Library/Extensions/AppleIntelHD4000Graphics.kext/
/System/Library/Extensions/AppleIntelHD4000GraphicsGLDriver.bundle/
/System/Library/Extensions/AppleIntelHD4000GraphicsMTLDriver.bundle/
/System/Library/Extensions/AppleIntelHD4000GraphicsVADriver.bundle/