I just bought both a used MacBook Pro (Early 2015) with Big Sur, and a Mac mini (M1 2020) with Monterey and I am running into the exact same problem. I have 70 disk images of CDs saved on our NAS that five of our homeschooled kids use extensively for their math software. We do this because all of the kids will eventually use all of the disks, and rather than have them putting the disks in and out and eventually destroying some or all of them, I imaged them all and put them back in the package.
So everything was working fine with two iMacs, one running Sierra and the other running High Sierra. Bought the newer computers and neither of them will read the images reliably now using Big Sur or Monterey. In fact, Big Sur doesn't seem to open ANY of them. Monterey seems to mount some of them. No rhyme or reason yet as to what is different on the Monterey (Mac mini) machine.
I have gone to my old reliable Mac Pro (Early 2009) running El Capitan and they seem to mount just fine there.
I offer all this not just to "...me too", although you can put an explanation point on that as well, but also so that Ashley8098 might see if the images will mount on another machine, if she has access.