I have the same issue and nothing fixes it. Unbelievably frustrating.
I have a TP Link AX1800 router with three ethernet cables plugged in: an Apple Tv, a gaming PC, and a game console, all of which I use regularly.
I took the one out of the Apple Tv and plugged it into my Macbook Pro 16" and it immediately connected.
I turned off WiFi on the laptop
Ethernet reports Connected with a green dot in the Mac Network page.
It has a proper IP address and network info.
There is no internet access.
I tried the solution of 1.1.1.1 and have no idea what a Cloudfast Splash page means but I got nothing. Just a half a progress bar in the browser that went nowhere.
I've restarted the computer a dozen times, the router also. I've given it a manual IP address and info, changed IPv6 to Local Link Only (based on a troubleshooting tip online) and none of these solutions or any others I have tried repeated after searching online works. It just shouldn't be this complicated to get an ethernet connection from a $3k computer. I don't use any networking services like VPN and have not touched any settings. My older 15" Pro connects to ethernet just fine so no clue what's going on there but I've wasted most of my morning trying this and that all to no avail.
WiFi works fine.